How to Obesity Effects on Health

Obesity & Its Effects

What is Obesity?

Obesity is a serious, chronic disease that can have a negative effect on many systems in your body. People who are overweight or obese have a much greater risk of developing serious conditions, including:

Heart disease

Type 2 diabetes

Bone and joint disease

Obesity is one of the most pervasive, chronic diseases in need of new strategies for medical treatment and prevention. As a leading cause of United States mortality, morbidity, disability, healthcare utilization and healthcare costs, the high prevalence of obesity continues to strain the United States healthcare system.

Obesity is defined as excess adipose tissue. There are several different methods for determining excess adipose (fat) tissue; the most common being the Body Mass Index (BMI) (see below). A fat cell is an endocrine cell and adipose tissue is an endocrine organ. As such, adipose tissue secretes a number of products, including metabolites, cytokines, lipids, and coagulation factors among others. Significantly, excess adiposity or obesity causes increased levels of circulating fatty acids and inflammation.

How to Reduce weight and Obesity

Obesity is increasing around the world. High body mass index now ranks with major global health problems such as childhood and maternal undernutrition, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, unsafe sex, iron deficiency, smoking, alcohol and unsafe water in total global burden of disease.

For people with obesity, weight loss based solely on lifestyle changes can be very difficult to achieve and even more challenging to maintain. Supporting strategies, such as obesity medications, can be important tools for effectively treating obesity in some individuals. Given the complex nature of the disease, no single drug is likely to fix the epidemic. Additional research and development efforts are needed for obesity treatments – as there are more than 100 drugs available for related diseases, like hypertension, but only 6 medications approved for the long-term treatment of obesity.

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Causes Of Obesity:

There are main 10 causes of being obese mention below

Genetics:

Obesity has a strong genetic component. Offspring of obese parents are much more likely to become obese than offspring of lean parents. Non-industrialized societies rapidly become obese when they start eating a typical Western diet. Their genes didn't change, the environment and the signals they sent to their genes changed.It does seem clear that there are genetic components that do affect our susceptibility to gain weight

Junk Food:

Today, foods are often little more than refined ingredients mixed in with a bunch of chemicals. Most processed foods today don't resemble food at all. These are highly engineered products, with massive budgets spent on making the foods taste so good that we become "hooked."

Food Addiction:

These highly engineered junk foods cause powerful stimulation of the reward centers in our brains. The fact is that junk foods can cause full-blown addiction in susceptible individuals. People lose control over their eating behavior, in the same way as alcoholics lose control over their drinking behavior.

Addiction is a complex issue with a biological basis that can be very difficult to overcome. When you become addicted to something, you lose your freedom of choice and the biochemistry in your brain starts calling the shots for you.

Aggressive Marketing:

The junk food companies are very aggressive marketers. Their tactics can get unethical at times and they constantly market very unhealthy products as if they are health foods. In my opinion, the junk food companies are even worse than the tobacco companies ever were, because they target their marketing specifically towards children. Children are becoming obese, diabetic and addicted to junk foods way before they're old enough to make conscious decisions about these things.

Insulin:

Insulin is a very important hormone that regulates energy storage, among other things. One of the functions of insulin is to tell fat cells to store fat and to hold on to the fat that they already carry. The Western diet causes insulin resistance in many individuals This elevates insulin levels all over the body, making energy selectively get stored in the fat cells instead of being available for use.

Certain Medications:

There are many pharmaceutical drugs that can cause weight gain as a side effect. Examples include diabetes medication, antidepressants, antipsychotics, etc.

Leptin:

Another hormone that is crucial in obesity is Leptin.This hormone is produced by the fat cells and is supposed to send signals to the hypothalamus (the part of our brain that controls food intake) that we're full and need to stop eating.

Obese people have lots of fat and lots of leptin. The problem is that the leptin isn't working as it should, because for some reason the brain becomes resistant to it

Food Availability

One factor that has dramatically influenced the collective waistline of the world is a massive increase in food availability. Another problem related to availability is that junk food is often cheaper than real food, especially in Pakistan, India Some people, especially in poorer neighborhoods; don't even have the option of purchasing real foods

Sugar

In my opinion, sugar is the single worst part of the modern diet. The reason is that when consumed in excess, sugar changes the hormones and biochemistry of the body, contributing to weight gain.

Misinformation

People all over the world are being misinformed about health and nutrition. I think the main reason for this is that the food companies sponsor scientists and major health organizations all around the world.For example, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (the biggest organization of nutrition professionals in the world) is heavily sponsored by the likes of Coca Cola, Kellogg's and Pepsico.
How on earth are people to make the right choices if they're being constantly lied to by the government, the health organizations and the very professionals that are supposed to know what to do?

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Health Effects Of Obesity :

Being obese means having so much body fat that your health is in danger. Having too much body fat can lead to type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, sleep apnea, and stroke.

Because of these risks, it is important to lose weight even if you don't feel bad now. It is hard to change eating habits and exercise habits. But you can do it if you make a plan.

High blood pressure:

Additional fat tissue in the body needs oxygen and nutrients in order to live, which requires the blood vessels to circulate more blood to the fat tissue. This increases the workload of the heart because it must pump more blood through additional blood vessels. More circulating blood also means more pressure on the artery walls. Higher pressure on the artery walls increases the blood pressure. In addition, extra weight can raise the heart rate and reduce the body's ability to transport blood through the vessels.

Diabetes:

Obesity is the major cause of type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes usually begins in adulthood but, is now actually occurring in children. Obesity can cause resistance to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar. When obesity causes insulin resistance, the blood sugar becomes elevated. Even moderate obesity dramatically increases the risk of diabetes.

Heart disease:

Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) is present 10 times more often in obese people compared to those who are not obese. Coronary artery disease is also more prevalent because fatty deposits build up in arteries that supply the heart. Narrowed arteries and reduced blood flow to the heart can cause chest pain (angina) or a heart attack. Blood clots can also form in narrowed arteries and cause a stroke.

Joint problems, including osteoarthritis - Obesity can affect the knees and hips because of the stress placed on the joints by extra weight. Joint replacement surgery, while commonly performed on damaged joints, may not be an advisable option for an obese person because the artificial joint has a higher risk of loosening and causing further damage.

Sleep apnea:

and respiratory problems Sleep apnea, which causes people to stop breathing for brief periods, interrupts sleep throughout the night and causes sleepiness during the day. It also causes heavy snoring. Respiratory problems associated with obesity occur when added weight of the chest wall squeezes the lungs and causes restricted breathing. Sleep apnea is also associated with high blood pressure.

Cancer

In women, being overweight contributes to an increased risk for a variety of cancers including breast cancer, colon, gallbladder, and uterus. Men who are overweight have a higher risk of colon cancer and prostate cancers.

Metabolic syndrome:

The National Cholesterol Education Program has identified metabolic syndrome as a complex risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Metabolic syndrome consists of six major components: abdominal obesity, elevated blood cholesterol, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance with or without glucose intolerance, elevation of certain blood components that indicate inflammation, and elevation of certain clotting factors in the blood.

Psychosocial effects:

In a culture where often the ideal of physical attractiveness is to be overly thin, people who are overweight or obese frequently suffer disadvantages. Overweight and obese persons are often blamed for their condition and may be considered to be lazy or weak-willed. It is not uncommon for overweight or obese conditions to result in persons having lower incomes or having fewer or no romantic relationships. Disapproval of overweight persons expressed by some individuals may progress to bias, discrimination, and even torment.

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